Archer fish, Toxotes microlepis, spit jets of water to capture prey and also hunt by jumping out of the water to heights of up to 2.5 body lengths. In this study, high-speed imaging and particle image velocimetry were used to investigate the kinematics and hydrodynamics of this behavior. Jumping used a set of kinematics in three phases: (1) hovering to see prey at the surface, (2) rapid upward thrust production and (3) gliding to the prey once out of the water. The number of propulsive tail strokes and peak velocity increased with the bait height. The ballistic estimate of the mechanical energy required to jump was similar to the energy requirements of projecting water with sufficient momentum to hit prey and then catch the prey in water. Particle image velocimetry showed that during jump initiation, their fins were used to produce maximum vertical acceleration.
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