I imagine that the neurological circuits underlying these processes are governed by both 2d spacing maps with their brains as…
Paper, How Hoverflies Compute Interception Courses
With an internalized conception of its own speed, the hoverfly is able to calibrate itself to intercept targets in motion. This mechanism is typically used for mating, in which the male tracks and intercepts the female. It is able to calculate the flight path of the object in motion based on factors of its speed and size, however this capability is more focused toward objects similar to that of flies (in relation to size and movement speed). To test these mechanisms, the hoverfly was put in a setting and had projectiles launched at if from various directions. The results show that the hoverfly moves in the same direction as the object, creating an interception course as opposed to a tracking one. The aspects of velocity, acceleration, initial flight direction, detection of targets, and interruptions of the object during its flight all affect the ways the hoverfly can intercept the path of motion.
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I imagine that the neurological circuits underlying these processes are governed by both 2d spacing maps with their brains as well as coincidence detection circuits and size-derivative calculations. these circuit types are seen in a plethora of simple animal circuits and are used to detect external stimuli and naturally generate a motor response in their body.