Engineered biomaterials after being placed in the body are prone to bacterial infections since the body reacts by coating the material with a layer of proteins such as fibronectin, vitronectin, fibrinogen, albumin, and immunoglobulins which all serve as binding ligands to receptors on colonizing bacteria. To combat 80% of infections associated with bio engineering-related materials, scientists are designing materials with a polymer called, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) which can prevent protein adsorption and reduce bacterial adhesion by 60-90%. These engineered biomaterials can be employed in a variety of uses ranging from nerve regeneration, artificial skin, orthopedic implants, artificial organs, gene therapy, vascular grafts, etc.
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