FNs were first described as potent antiviral agents 40 years ago, and recombinant IFN-α2a and IFN-α2b were approved for the treatment of hairy cell leukemia just 11 years ago. Today, α-IFNs are approved worldwide for the treatment of a variety of malignancies and virologic diseases. Although the exact mechanism of action of IFN-α in the treatment of such diseases is not fully understood, many advances have been made in the characterization of the physicochemical and diverse biological properties of this highly pleiotropic cytokine. Here we review recent developments in our understanding of the antiviral and immunoregulatory properties of IFN-α, the nature of the multisubunit IFN-α receptor, and the molecular mechanisms of signal transduction.
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