Researchers from Rutgers University, New Jersey, have created bio-inspired, programmable micro-needles that enhance tissue adhesion using Projection micro-stereolithography (PµSL). Influenced by the micro-hooks of parasites, barbed stingers of honeybees, and quills of porcupines, 4D printed backward-facing barbs were fabricated and designed to deform horizontally to be minimally invasive upon tissue contact. Howon Lee, the senior author of the study published in Advanced Functional Materials, explained: “We think our 4D printed micro-needle array will allow for more robust and sustained use of minimally invasive, pain-free and easy-to-use micro-needles for delivering drugs, healing wounds, bio-sensing, and other soft tissue applications.”

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